If Statement
The if
statement is used to implement a conditional statement. The syntax of the if
statement is:
if (expression) statement1 [else statement2]
If expression
evaluates to true, statement1
executes. If expression
is false, statement2
executes. The expression
must evaluate to an integral value; otherwise, the condition is ill-formed. Parentheses around the expression
are mandatory.
The else
keyword is optional, but no statements can come between if
and else
.
Nested If statements
Nested if
statements require additional attention. A general rule is that the nested conditionals are parsed starting from the innermost conditional, with each else
bound to the nearest available if
on its left:
if (expression1) statement1 else if (expression2) if (expression3) statement2 else statement3 /* this belongs to: if (expression3) */ else statement4 /* this belongs to: if (expression2) */
Note :
#if
and #else
preprocessor statements (directives) look similar to if
and else
statements, but have very different effects. They control which source file lines are compiled and which are ignored.
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