Software I2C Library

Software I²C Library

The mikroBasic PRO for AVR provides routines for implementing Software I²C communication. These routines are hardware independent and can be used with any MCU. The Software I²C library enables you to use MCU as Master in I²C communication. Multi-master mode is not supported.

Important :

This library implements time-based activities, so interrupts need to be disabled when using Software I²C.
All Software I²C Library functions are blocking-call functions (they are waiting for I²C clock line to become logical one).
The pins used for the Software I²C communication should be connected to the pull-up resistors. Turning off the LEDs connected to these pins may also be required.
Working clock frequency of the Software I²C is 20kHz.

External dependencies of Software I²C Library

The following variables must be defined in all projects using Software I²C Library:	Description :	Example :
`dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Output as sbit sfr external`	Soft I²C Clock output line.	`dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Output as sbit at PORTC0_bit`
`dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Output as sbit sfr external`	Soft I²C Data output line.	`dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Output as sbit at PORTC1_bit`
`dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Input as sbit sfr external`	Soft I²C Clock input line.	`dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Input as sbit at PINC0_bit`
`dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Input as sbit sfr external`	Soft I²C Data input line.	`dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Input as sbit at PINC1_bit`
`dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Direction as sbit sfr external`	Direction of the Soft I²C Clock pin.	`dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Direction as sbit at DDC0_bit`
`dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Direction as sbit sfr external`	Direction of the Soft I²C Data pin.	`dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Direction as sbit at DDC1_bit`

Soft_I2C_Init

Prototype	sub procedure Soft_I2C_Init()
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Configures the software I²C module.
Requires	Global variables : `Soft_I2C_Scl_Output`: Soft I²C clock output line `Soft_I2C_Sda_Output`: Soft I²C data output line `Soft_I2C_Scl_Input`: Soft I²C clock input line `Soft_I2C_Sda_Input`: Soft I²C data input line `Soft_I2C_Scl_Direction`: Direction of the Soft I²C clock pin `Soft_I2C_Sda_Direction`: Direction of the Soft I²C data pin must be defined before using this function.
Example	'Soft_I2C pinout definition dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Output as sbit at PORTC0_bit dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Output as sbit at PORTC1_bit dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Input as sbit at PINC0_bit dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Input as sbit at PINC1_bit dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Direction as sbit at DDC0_bit dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Direction as sbit at DDC1_bit 'End of Soft_I2C pinout definition ... Soft_I2C_Init()

Soft_I2C_Start

Prototype	sub procedure Soft_I2C_Start()
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Determines if the I²C bus is free and issues START signal.
Requires	Software I²C must be configured before using this function. See Soft_I2C_Init routine.
Example	' Issue START signal Soft_I2C_Start()

Soft_I2C_Read

Prototype	sub function Soft_I2C_Read(dim ack as word) as byte
Returns	One byte from the Slave.
Description	Reads one byte from the slave. Parameters : `ack:` acknowledge signal parameter. If the `ack==0` not acknowledge signal will be sent after reading, otherwise the acknowledge signal will be sent.
Requires	Soft I²C must be configured before using this function. See Soft_I2C_Init routine. Also, START signal needs to be issued in order to use this function. See Soft_I2C_Start routine.
Example	dim take as word ... ' Read data and send the not_acknowledge signal take = Soft_I2C_Read(0)

Soft_I2C_Write

Prototype	sub function Soft_I2C_Write(dim data_ as byte) as byte
Returns	`0` if there were no errors. `1` if write collision was detected on the I²C bus.
Description	Sends data byte via the I²C bus. Parameters : `data_:` data to be sent
Requires	Soft I²C must be configured before using this function. See Soft_I2C_Init routine. Also, START signal needs to be issued in order to use this function. See Soft_I2C_Start routine.
Example	dim data_, error as byte ... error = Soft_I2C_Write(data_) error = Soft_I2C_Write(0xA3)

Soft_I2C_Stop

Prototype	sub procedure Soft_I2C_Stop()
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Issues STOP signal.
Requires	Soft I²C must be configured before using this function. See Soft_I2C_Init routine.
Example	' Issue STOP signal Soft_I2C_Stop()

Soft_I2C_Break

Prototype	sub procedure Soft_I2C_Break()
Returns	Nothing.
Description	All Software I²C Library functions can block the program flow (see note at the top of this page). Calling this routine from interrupt will unblock the program execution. This mechanism is similar to WDT. Note : Interrupts should be disabled before using Software I²C routines again (see note at the top of this page).
Requires	Nothing.
Example	'Soft_I2C pinout definition dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Output as sbit at PORTC0_bit dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Output as sbit at PORTC1_bit dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Input as sbit at PINC0_bit dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Input as sbit at PINC1_bit dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Direction as sbit at DDC0_bit dim Soft_I2C_Sda_Direction as sbit at DDC1_bit 'End of Soft_I2C pinout definition dim counter as byte sub procedure Timer0Overflow_ISR() org 0x12 counter = 0 if (counter >= 20) then Soft_I2C_Break() counter = 0 'reset counter else Inc(counter) 'increment counter end if end sub main: TOIE0_bit = 1 'Timer0 overflow interrupt enable TCCR0_bit = 5 'Start timer with 1024 prescaler SREG_I_bit = 0 'Interrupt disable ... 'try Soft_I2C_Init with blocking prevention mechanism SREG_I_bit = 1 'Interrupt enable Soft_I2C_Init() SREG_I_bit = 0 'Interrupt disable ... end.

Library Example

The example demonstrates Software I²C Library routines usage. The AVR MCU is connected (SCL, SDA pins) to PCF8583 RTC (real-time clock). Program reads date and time are read from the RTC and prints it on Lcd.

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program RTC_Read

dim seconds, minutes, hours, _day, _month, year as byte    ' Global date/time variables

' Software I2C connections
dim Soft_I2C_Scl_Output    as sbit at PORTC0_bit
    Soft_I2C_Sda_Output    as sbit at PORTC1_bit
    Soft_I2C_Scl_Input     as sbit at PINC0_bit
    Soft_I2C_Sda_Input     as sbit at PINC1_bit
    Soft_I2C_Scl_Direction as sbit at DDC0_bit
    Soft_I2C_Sda_Direction as sbit at DDC1_bit
' End Software I2C connections

' LCD module connections
dim LCD_RS as sbit at PORTD2_bit
    LCD_EN as sbit at PORTD3_bit
    LCD_D4 as sbit at PORTD4_bit
    LCD_D5 as sbit at PORTD5_bit
    LCD_D6 as sbit at PORTD6_bit
    LCD_D7 as sbit at PORTD7_bit
    LCD_RS_Direction as sbit at DDD2_bit
    LCD_EN_Direction as sbit at DDD3_bit
    LCD_D4_Direction as sbit at DDD4_bit
    LCD_D5_Direction as sbit at DDD5_bit
    LCD_D6_Direction as sbit at DDD6_bit
    LCD_D7_Direction as sbit at DDD7_bit
' End LCD module connections

'--------------------- Reads time and date information from RTC (PCF8583)
sub procedure Read_Time()
  Soft_I2C_Start()               ' Issue start signal
  Soft_I2C_Write(0xA0)           ' Address PCF8583, see PCF8583 datasheet
  Soft_I2C_Write(2)              ' Start from address 2
  Soft_I2C_Start()               ' Issue repeated start signal
  Soft_I2C_Write(0xA1)           ' Address PCF8583 for reading R/W=1
  seconds = Soft_I2C_Read(1)     ' Read seconds byte
  minutes = Soft_I2C_Read(1)     ' Read minutes byte
  hours = Soft_I2C_Read(1)       ' Read hours byte
  _day = Soft_I2C_Read(1)        ' Read year/day byte
  _month = Soft_I2C_Read(0)      ' Read weekday/month byte}
  Soft_I2C_Stop()                ' Issue stop signal}
end sub

'-------------------- Formats date and time
sub procedure Transform_Time() 
  seconds  =  ((seconds and 0xF0) >> 4)*10 + (seconds and 0x0F)  ' Transform seconds
  minutes  =  ((minutes and 0xF0) >> 4)*10 + (minutes and 0x0F)  ' Transform months
  hours    =  ((hours and 0xF0)  >> 4)*10  + (hours and 0x0F)    ' Transform hours
  year     =   (_day and 0xC0) >> 6                              ' Transform year
  _day      =  ((_day and 0x30) >> 4)*10    + (_day and 0x0F)    ' Transform day
  _month    =  ((_month and 0x10)  >> 4)*10 + (_month and 0x0F)  ' Transform month
end sub

'-------------------- Output values to LCD
sub procedure Display_Time()
   Lcd_Chr(1, 6, (_day / 10)   + 48)    ' Print tens digit of day variable
   Lcd_Chr(1, 7, (_day mod 10)   + 48)  ' Print oness digit of day variable
   Lcd_Chr(1, 9, (_month / 10) + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(1,10, (_month mod 10) + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(1,15,  year        + 56)     ' Print year vaiable + 8 (start from year 2008)

   Lcd_Chr(2, 6, (hours / 10)   + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(2, 7, (hours mod 10)   + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(2, 9, (minutes / 10) + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(2,10, (minutes mod 10) + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(2,12, (seconds / 10) + 48)
   Lcd_Chr(2,13, (seconds mod 10) + 48)
end sub

'------------------ Performs project-wide init
sub procedure Init_Main()
  Soft_I2C_Init()           ' Initialize Soft I2C communication
  Lcd_Init()                ' Initialize LCD
  Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR)       ' Clear LCD display
  Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF)  ' Turn cursor off
  LCD_Out(1,1,"Date:")      ' Prepare and output static text on LCD
  LCD_Chr(1,8,":")
  LCD_Chr(1,11,":")
  LCD_Out(2,1,"Time:")
  LCD_Chr(2,8,":")
  LCD_Chr(2,11,":")
  LCD_Out(1,12,"200")
end sub

'----------------- Main sub procedure
main:
  Init_Main()             ' Perform initialization

  while TRUE              ' Endless loop
    Read_Time()           ' Read time from RTC(PCF8583)
    Transform_Time()      ' Format date and time
    Display_Time()        ' Prepare and display on LCD
  wend
end.

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